Comparisons
1. Comparativos y Superlativos
Comparar dos cosas:
- Más que (comparativo + than):
Ejemplo: I’m taller than you. / Maths is more difficult than English.
- Igual que (as + adjetivo + as):
Ejemplo: Edinburgh is as cold as Moscow today!
- Menos que (not as + adjetivo + as / less + adjetivo + than):
Ejemplo: I’m not as tired as yesterday. / James is less sporty than his brother.
Comparar tres o más cosas (superlativo):
- El más (the + superlativo):
Ejemplo: It’s the hottest year ever. / He’s the most intelligent student.
Reglas de formación:
- Adjetivos cortos (1-2 sílabas):
- old → older → oldest
- big → bigger → biggest (si termina en vocal + consonante).
- healthy → healthier → healthiest (si termina en -y).
- Adjetivos largos (3+ sílabas): Usar more/most o less/least:
Ejemplo: Cardboard is more environmentally friendly than plastic.
- Irregulares:
- good → better → best
- bad → worse → worst
- far → further → furthest
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2. Too y Enough
- Too: Indica exceso (problema). Se usa antes del adjetivo:
Ejemplo: It’s too cold to play tennis. / The soup was too salty.
- Enough: Indica cantidad suficiente. Se usa después del adjetivo:
- Afirmativo: She’s old enough to drive.
- Negativo: This coffee isn’t strong enough.
- Con infinitivo: It wasn’t warm enough to eat outside.
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3. So y Such
- So: Énfasis en adjetivos o adverbios (equivale a "muy"):
Ejemplo: Our holiday was so good!
- Con cláusula: It was so cold that we stayed indoors.
- Such: Énfasis en sustantivos:
- Sustantivo singular: It was such a good film.
- Sustantivo plural/uncountable: We had such amazing weather.
- Con cláusula: It’s such a good show that I’ll see it again.
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4. Like, Such As, Just As/Like
- Like: Comparar características:
Ejemplo: Sara looks like her brother. / It tastes like chocolate.
- Such As: Dar ejemplos:
Ejemplo: He eats fast food such as burgers and chips.
- Just As/Like: Similitudes completas:
Ejemplo: Wolves hunt just as wild dogs do. / She studies medicine just like her sister.
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¿Cómo diferenciarlos?
- Comparativos: Usa -er o more para comparar dos cosas.
- Superlativos: Usa -est o most para tres o más cosas.
- Too vs Enough: Too = problema por exceso; Enough = suficiente o insuficiente.
- So vs Such: So + adjetivo; Such + sustantivo.
Ejemplos clave:
- A taxi is better than the bus, but the train is the best.
- It’s such a tiny room that we can’t fit a bed.
- This jacket isn’t warm enough for winter.
¡Practica identificando si la comparación es entre dos cosas, tres o más, o si hay un énfasis especial! 😊
