B2b · GRAMÁTICA · TEMA 5
Conditionals: third, mixed y wish
Para hablar de lo que pudo haber sido y no fue, y de lo que nos gustaría que fuera distinto.
⏱️ En 30 segundos
✅ Third: if + had + participio, would have + participio. Pasado imaginario.
✅ Mixed: pasado → resultado presente. If I had studied, I'd have a better job now.
✅ wish / if only + pasado: deseo sobre el presente.
✅ wish + had + participio: arrepentimiento del pasado.
🇪🇸 Cómo se dice en español
If I had known, I would have come → Si lo hubiera sabido, habría venido
I wish I had more time → Ojalá tuviera más tiempo
I wish I hadn't said that → Ojalá no hubiera dicho eso
I hope it doesn't rain → Ojalá no llueva / Espero que no llueva
1. Third y mixed conditional
Tipo
Estructura
Ejemplo
Third
if + had done, would have done
If I'd left earlier, I wouldn't have missed the flight.
Mixed (pasado → presente)
if + had done, would do
If I'd taken the job, I'd be living in Lima now.
Mixed (presente → pasado)
if + did, would have done
If I spoke French, I'd have got the job.
2. Wish e if only
I wish I had more free time.
Ojalá tuviera más tiempo libre. (presente)
I wish I hadn't eaten so much.
Ojalá no hubiera comido tanto. (pasado)
I wish you would stop interrupting me.
Ojalá dejaras de interrumpirme. (queja)
💡 "Ojalá" para el futuro no va con wish sino con hope: I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow.
⚠️ Errores típicos de hispanohablantes
If I would have known, I would have come.
✓ If I had known, I would have come.
Después de if: had, no would have.
I wish I can speak Chinese.
✓ I wish I could speak Chinese.
wish + pasado.
I wish you pass your exam.
✓ I hope you pass your exam.
Deseo posible: hope.
If she had called me, I would help her.
✓ …I would have helped her.
Resultado pasado: would have.
✍️ Practica
Elige la respuesta correcta. Te decimos al instante si acertaste.
If we ___ the map, we wouldn't have got lost.|had checked; would check; checked|0|Third: had + participio.
If she had studied medicine, she ___ a doctor now.|would be; would have been; is|0|Mixed: resultado presente.
I wish I ___ taller.|am; were; will be|1|wish + pasado.
I wish I ___ that. It was a mistake.|didn't say; hadn't said; don't say|1|Arrepentimiento: hadn't said.
I ___ you have a great trip!|wish; hope|1|Futuro posible: hope.
If he hadn't been so rude, I ___ him.|would forgive; would have forgiven; forgave|1|Third: would have.
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